On nonlinear amplifier modeling and identification using baseband Volterra-Parafac models

The baseband Volterra–Parafac model is a useful tool to represent a nonlinear communication channel with a parametric complexity reduced with respect to the full Volterra model. In this paper we include additional symmetry properties of real power amplifier kernels in the equivalent baseband Volterra-Parafac approach in order to gain a further reduction in the number of parameters. To illustrate the new proposal, the parameters of the equivalent baseband Volterra–Parafac representation for a power amplifier are estimated using the complex least mean square algorithm. Comparison of the measured amplifier output and the model prediction for the case of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing input signal demonstrates a notable model performance. & 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.